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61 negative correlation
корреляция, при которой увеличение одной переменной связано с уменьшением другой переменной. Отрицательной корреляции соответствует отрицательное значение коэффициента корреляции. НематематическийThe growing size of software coupled with the strong negative correlation of software quality with size has focused attention on the software development process. — Растущие объёмы программного обеспечения при явно отрицательной корреляции качества программ и их размеров заставили уделять особое внимание процессу разработки ПО см. тж. correlation
Англо-русский толковый словарь терминов и сокращений по ВТ, Интернету и программированию. > negative correlation
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62 Lind, James
SUBJECT AREA: Medical technology[br]b. 1716 Edinburgh, Scotlandd. 13 July 1794 Gosport, England[br]Scottish physician and naval surgeon whose studies and investigations led to significant improvements in the living conditions on board ships; the author of the first treatise on the nature and prevention of scurvy.[br]Lind was registered in 1731 as an apprentice at the College of Surgeons in Edinburgh. By 1739 he was serving as a naval surgeon in the Mediterranean and during the ensuing decade he experienced conditions at sea off Guinea, the West Indies and in home waters. He returned to Edinburgh, taking his MD in 1748, and in 1750 was elected a Fellow of the College of Physicians of Edinburgh, becoming the Treasurer in 1757. In 1758 he was appointed Physician to the Naval Hospital at Haslar, Gosport, near Portsmouth, a post which he retained until his death.He had been particularly struck by the devastating consequences of scurvy during Anson's circumnavigation of the globe in 1740. At least 75 per cent of the crews had been affected (though it should be borne in mind that a considerable number of them were pensioners and invalids when posted aboard). Coupled with his own experiences, this led to the publication of A Treatise on the Scurvy, in 1754. Demonstrating that this condition accounted for many more deaths than from all the engagements with the French and Spanish in the current wars, he made it clear that by appropriate measures of diet and hygiene the disease could be entirely eliminated.Further editions of the treatise were published in 1757 and 1775, and the immense importance of his observations was immediately recognized. None the less, it was not until 1795 that an Admiralty order was issued on the supply of lime juice to ships. The efficacy of lime juice had been known for centuries, but it was Lind's observations that led to action, however tardy; that for economic reasons the relatively ineffective West Indian lime juice was supplied was in no way his responsibility. It is of interest that there is no evidence that Captain James Cook (1728–79) had any knowledge of Lind's work when arranging his own anti-scorbutic precautions in preparation for his historic first voyage.Lind's other work included observations on typhus, the proper ventilation of ships at sea, and the distilation of fresh from salt water.[br]Bibliography1754, A Treatise on the Scurvy, Edinburgh.1757, An Essay on the most effectual means of Preserving the Health of Seamen in the Royal Navy, Edinburgh.1767, An Essay on Diseases incidental to Europeans in Hot Climates, Edinburgh.Further ReadingL.Roddis, 1951, James Lind—Founder of Nautical Medicine. Records of the Royal Colleges of Surgeons of Edinburgh. Records of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh.MG -
63 Stalkartt, Marmaduke
SUBJECT AREA: Ports and shipping[br]b. 6 April 1750 London (?), Englandd. 24 September 1805 Calcutta, India[br]English naval architect and author of a noted book on shipbuilding.[br]For a man who contributed much to the history of shipbuilding in Britain, surprisingly little is known of his life and times. The family are reputedly descendants of Danish or Norwegian shipbuilders who emigrated to England around the late seventeenth century. It is known, however, that Marmaduke was the fourth child of his father, Hugh Stalkartt, but the second child of Hugh's second wife.Stalkartt is believed to have served an apprenticeship at the Naval Yard at Deptford on the Thames. He had advanced sufficiently by 1796 for the Admiralty to send him to India to establish shipyards dedicated to the construction of men-of-war in teak. The worsening supply of oak from England, and to a lesser extent Scotland, coupled with the war with France was making ship procurement one of the great concerns of the time. The ready supply of hardwoods from the subcontinent was a serious attempt to overcome this problem. For some years one of the shipyards in Calcutta was known as Stalkartt's Yard and this gives some credence to the belief that Stalkartt left the Navy while overseas and started his own shipbuilding organization.[br]Bibliography1781, Naval Architecture; or, the Rudiments and Rules of Shipbuilding; repub. 1787, 1803 (an illustrated textbook).FMW -
64 Eidetic Memory
[A]lthough eidetic [("photographic")] memory is rare in adults, it seems to be much more frequent in young children. Think back to your own early memories, and it is probable that you will recollect them as a series of snapshots, fixed or frozen in time.... In a typical study, [Ralph] Haber would show children a coloured picture of Alice and the Cheshire cat from an illustrated Alice in Wonderland. In the drawing, the cat sat on a tree, striped tail curled behind it. Children having been briefly shown the picture could later answer questions in detail about it-for instance, when asked how many stripes were visible on the cat's tail, they would behave as if they were counting them off from some sort of mental image. Similarly, children shown a picture with writing on it in a foreign language could subsequently spell out the words as if reading them from an open book.Many, if not all young children apparently do normally see and remember eidetically, but this capacity is lost to most as they grow up. What is in young children an apparently general capacity has become a remarkable rarity in adults....The rarity of eidetic memory, coupled with the fact that to possess such a capacity does not seem to make for much success in life, suggests that it may not be so beneficial a gift. To be able to synthesize and generalize from past events, to abstract from them, indeed to forget them, may thus be as essential for survival and effective action in the world as is the capacity to remember them in the first case. (Rose, 1993, pp. 103104, 102-103)Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Eidetic Memory
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65 lemon
ˈlemən
1. сущ.
1) лимон а) плод lemon rind ≈ лимонная кожура The juice of lemons yields citric acid. ≈ Сок лимона дает лимонную кислоту. б) дерево
2) лимонный цвет
3) амер.;
сл. простофиля, неудачник (человек, которого легко надуть) Criminal carelessness, that's what it was! Leaving me standing here like a lemon. ≈ Преступная небрежность, вот что это такое! Оставить меня стоять здесь как дурака. Syn: simpleton, loser
4) амер.;
сл. ненужная вещь, барахло The effect of this on consumers is too many lemons or part lemons coupled with near impossibility of obtaining redress from the manufacturer. ≈ Результат всего этого для потребителя - слишком большое количество либо полностью, либо частично ненужных вещей и практическая невозможность получить какое-либо возмещение от производителей. to hand smb. a lemon разг. ≈ надуть, обмануть кого-л. the answer is a lemon
5) амер.;
сл. голова if you had any brains in that big lemon ≈ если в этой огромной башке есть хоть капля ума
2. прил.
1) лимонный, светло-желтый
2) а) содержащий лимон б) имеющий вкус или запах лимона The lemon tea is fresh and good. ≈ Лимонный чай освежающ и вкусен.
3. гл. приправлять лимоном, придавать вкус с помощью лимона glasses of water, sugared and lemoned ≈ стаканы воды с сахаром и лимоном (ботаника) лимон, лимонное дерево (Citrus limon) лимон (плод) - * peel лимонная корка, цедра - * gratings тертая лимонная цедра лимонный цвет (тж. * yellow) (американизм) (сленг) негодная вещь;
дрянь, барахло - to hand smb. a * всучить кому-л. какую-л. дрянь;
надуть, обмануть кого-л.;
сделать кому-л. какую-л. неприятность провал, неудача - the play was a * пьеса провалилась - the answer's a *! дудки!, не выйдет!, номер не пройдет! (сленг) неприятная личность, противный тип некрасивая девушка;
рожа, мордоворот "лимончик", светлокожая мулатка добавлять лимон, цедру приправлять лимоном, лимонной кислотой ~ attr. лимонного цвета;
to hand (smb.) a lemon разг. надуть, обмануть (кого-л.) ;
the answer's a lemon не выйдет, этот номер не пройдет ~ attr. лимонного цвета;
to hand (smb.) a lemon разг. надуть, обмануть (кого-л.) ;
the answer's a lemon не выйдет, этот номер не пройдет lemon лимон (плод и дерево) ~ attr. лимонного цвета;
to hand (smb.) a lemon разг. надуть, обмануть (кого-л.) ;
the answer's a lemon не выйдет, этот номер не пройдет ~ лимонный цвет ~ sl. некрасивая девушка ~ амер. sl. неприятный человек;
негодная, бросовая вещь ~ sl. нечестный прием, способ -
66 SEMEDS
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67 agency
орган (установи, організації); агентство, організація; представництво (особи, прав тощо); агентська (комісійна) угода, угода про доручення; функція, чинник- agency agreement
- agency book-selling
- agency business
- agency by estoppel
- agency by necessity
- agency by operation of law
- agency commission
- agency coupled with interest
- agency from necessity
- agency invoice
- agency of necessity
- agency relationship
- agency relationships
- agency relief
- agency service -
68 power
влада; сила, потуга; держава; здатність, можливість; доручення; право; компетенція; повноваження; правоздатність, правосильністьpower appertaining to sovereignty — право суверенітету, суверенне право
power delegated by Congress to the president — повноваження, делеговані президенту Конгресом ( США)
power of attorney to represent another person in court — повноваження представляти в суді інтереси іншої особи
power contained in the Constitution — право, передбачене Конституцією
power of making needful rules and regulations — право встановлювати необхідні правила і запроваджувати необхідні положення ( або інструкції)
power of punishment for the infraction of law — право покарання за порушення закону, право накладання покарання за порушення закону
power to choose the president and vice-president — право ( Конгресу США) вибирати президента і віце-президента
power to decide cases and controversies — право вирішувати справи ( у суді) і суперечки
- power at the centrepower to make needful rules and regulations — право встановлювати необхідні правила і запроваджувати необхідні положення ( або інструкції)
- power balance
- power based on land control
- power center
- power centre
- power corridors
- power coupled with interest
- power given
- power granted
- power granted by the people
- power granted to the people
- power in one person's hands
- power now contested
- power of appointment
- power of arraigning
- power of arrest
- power of attorney
- power of co-decisions
- power of commander-in-chief
- power of communication
- power of Congress
- power of court
- power of control
- power of decisions
- power of discretion
- power of eminent domain
- power of government
- power of impeachment
- power of impoundment
- power of inquiry
- power of investigation
- power of judgment
- power of judgement
- power of life and death
- power of making laws
- power of making war
- power of municipality
- power of procuration
- power of punishment
- power of review
- power of rule-making
- power of sale
- power of search
- power of sentence
- power of substitution
- power of taxation
- power of testation
- power of the law
- power of the military
- power of the people
- power of the purse
- power of the sovereign
- power of the state
- power of the states
- power of trying
- power of sentencing
- power over persons
- power policy
- power position
- power relations
- power relationships
- power structure
- power struggle
- power to acquire territory
- power to act
- power to appoint subordinates
- power to co-opt
- power to declare war
- power to dismiss
- power to enforce
- power to expand territory
- power to impeach
- power to initiate legislation
- power to introduce legislation
- power to investigate
- power to lay and collect taxes
- power to legislate
- power to make decisions
- power to make laws
- power to punish
- power to regulate commerce
- power to regulate procedure
- power to remove personnel
- power to sell lands
- power to tax
- power to try
- power to try all impeachments
- power to veto
- power to veto acts of Congress
- power under the Constitution -
69 couple
N1. युगलA young married couple from Chicago are staying in that house.2. कुछ-समयHe's coming for a couple of days.--------V1. मिलाना/जोड़नाThe bad light, coupled with ugly sound of the mike,spoiled the show. -
70 couple
cou·ple [ʼkʌpl̩] na \couple of... einige..., ein paar...;I've only had a \couple of drinks ich habe nur wenig getrunken;every \couple of days alle paar Tage;for the last \couple of days in den letzten Tagen;in a \couple more minutes in wenigen Minuten;the next \couple of minutes die nächsten Minuten;[over] the past \couple of months in den letzten Monaten, während der letzten Monate;the first \couple of weeks die ersten Wochen;another \couple of... noch ein paar...childless \couple kinderloses Paar;an elderly/a young \couple ein älteres/junges Paar;to make a lovely \couple ein hübsches Paar abgeben;a [newly] married \couple ein [frisch vermähltes] Paar;same-sex \couple homosexuelles Paar vtto \couple a car [to sth] einen Waggon [an etw akk] kuppeln -
71 search-connected advertising
search-connected advertising COMP, COMMS, MEDIA Suchwerbung f (search keywords coupled with comparable advertising)Englisch-Deutsch Fachwörterbuch der Wirtschaft > search-connected advertising
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72 agency
1) орган (учреждение, организация); агентство3) агентский договор (договор поручения, договор комиссии)4) содействие; посредничество5) функция; фактор•agency by estoppel — представительство в силу неопровержимой правовой презумпции (когда принципал лишён права отрицать наличие представительства в силу характера своих действий);
agency by operation of law — представительство в силу закона;
- adjusting agencyagency coupled with interest — предоставленное агенту право на извлечение выгоды из предмета агентского договора;
- administrative agency
- advisory agency
- bail agency
- civil enforcement agency
- collection agency
- congressional agency
- correctional agency
- crime detection agency
- criminal agency
- criminal enforcement agency
- detective agency
- exclusive agency
- executing agency
- executive agency
- express agency
- federal agency
- general agency
- governmental agency
- government agency
- highway patrol agency
- human agency
- implied agency
- intelligence agency
- investigative agency
- judicial agency
- law enforcement agency
- legal agency
- legal aid agency
- local agency
- local police agency
- non-cabinet agency
- non-judicial agency
- non-profit agency
- ostensible agency
- parole agency
- patent agency
- personnel agency
- police agency
- policing agency
- presidential agency
- pretrial services agency
- private detective agency
- probation agency
- prosecuting agency
- public agency
- public detection agency
- quasi-judicial agency
- regional agency
- regulating agency
- rehabilitation agency
- special agency
- spontaneous agency
- state agency
- state police agency
- universal agency
- voluntary agency
- watchdog agency
- investigatory agency
- public detective agency
- regulatory agency
- rehabilitative agency -
73 power
1) способность; право; правомочие; полномочие; компетенция2) власть3) держава•power coupled with interest — 1. предоставленное агенту право на извлечение выгоды из предмета агентского договора 2. доверенность на распределение наследства вкупе с получением права на него;
- power of attorneypower to initiate [to introduce] legislation — право законодательной инициативы
- power of attorney and substitution
- power of communication
- power of eminent domain
- power of impoundment
- power of investigation
- power of judgement
- power of municipality
- powers of office
- power of review
- power of substitution
- power of testation
- power of the purse
- absolute power
- adjudicative power
- administrative power
- advisory powers
- amending power
- ample powers
- ancillary powers
- appointing power
- arbitrary power
- beneficial power
- coercive power
- cognate powers
- commerce power
- confirmatory power
- congressional power
- consignatory power
- constituent power
- corporate powers
- countervailing power
- current power
- defective mental power
- delegated powers
- diplomatic powers
- discretionary powers
- discretionary power
- dispensing power
- effective power
- emergency powers
- enforcement powers
- enumerated powers
- executive power
- exercitorial power
- express powers
- extramural powers
- fact-finding power
- federal powers
- foreign power
- formal power
- full powers
- general power of attorney
- granted powers
- great power
- hostile power
- implied powers
- inherent powers
- intramural powers
- judgement-making power
- judgment-making power
- judgement-passing power
- judgment-passing power
- judicial power
- judiciary powers
- law-executing power
- law-interpreting power
- law-making power
- legal power
- legislative power
- licensing power
- mandatory power
- maritime power
- mental power
- merged powers
- military power
- monarchical power
- municipal power
- naked powers
- national power
- normal powers
- official powers
- official powers and duties
- organic powers
- pardoning power
- parental power
- parliamentary power
- paternal power
- plenary power
- police power
- political power
- prerogative power
- prerogative powers of the Crown
- presidential power
- pretended power
- pretrial power
- prevailing power
- protective power
- reasoning power
- recall power
- removal power
- reserved powers
- residential powers
- residual powers
- resulting powers
- royal power
- rule-making powers
- signatory power
- sole power
- sovereign power
- special power of attorney
- state power
- statute-making power
- statutory power
- stop and frisk power
- superior power
- supreme power
- taxing power
- temporal power
- treaty-making power
- veto power
- vicarial powers
- vicarial power
- visitatorial power
- voting power
- war-making power
- appointive power
- residuary powers
- vicarious powers
- vicarious power -
74 lemon
['lemən] 1. сущ.1)а) бот.; = lemon tree лимон, лимонное дерево (лат. Citrus limon)б) лимонThe juice of lemons yields citric acid. — Сок лимона содержит лимонную кислоту.
3) амер.; разг. простофиля, неудачник (человек, которого легко надуть)Criminal carelessness, that's what it was! Leaving me standing here like a lemon! — Преступная небрежность, вот что это такое! Оставить меня стоять здесь как дурака!
Syn:4) амер.; сниж. ненужная вещь, барахлоto hand smb. a lemon — надуть, обмануть кого-л.
The effect of this on consumers is too many lemons or part lemons coupled with near impossibility of obtaining redress from the manufacturer. — Результат всего этого для потребителя - слишком большое количество либо полностью, либо частично ненужных вещей и практическая невозможность получить какое-либо возмещение от производителей.
5) амер.; сниж. голова, башка2. прил.1) лимонный, светло-жёлтый2)б) имеющий вкус или запах лимона3. гл.The lemon tea is fresh and good. — Лимонный чай - освежающий и вкусный.
приправлять лимоном, придавать вкус с помощью лимонаglasses of water, sugared and lemoned — стаканы воды с сахаром и лимоном
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75 do up
phrvt1) infml2) infmlHe's always trying to do up his competitors — Он все время норовит подложить свинью своим конкурентам
3) infml esp BrE4) AmE sl -
76 plus
1. n знак плюсa.m. gmt plus — утра по гринвичу плюс
plus and minus keys — клавиши "плюс" и "минус"
2. n положительная величина3. n добавочное количество4. n плюс, достоинство5. n разг. прибавка к заработной плате6. n воен. перелёт7. a добавочный, дополнительный8. a мат. эл. положительный9. a больший; превосходящий10. a разг. с плюсомcost plus pricing — ценообразование по принципу «средние издержки плюс прибыль»
11. prep разг. вдобавок, дополнительно, к тому жеСинонимический ряд:1. excess (noun) excess; overage; overstock; oversupply; surplus; surplusage2. increase (verb) aggrandize; augment; beef up; boost; build; compound; enlarge; expand; extend; heighten; increase; magnify; manifold; multiply; push3. added to (other) added to; additional; additionally; and; coupled with; extra; increased by; positive; surplus4. also (other) also; as well; even; likewise; moreover -
77 Pinto, Fernão Mendes
(ca. 1510-1583)Soldier and adventurer in Asia and one of Portugal's greatest prose writers of the 16th century. He was the author of a classic, largely true adventure story and history of Portugal in Asia, the Peregrinação, which in popularity among 17th-century readers in Iberia and Europe rivaled Miguel de Cervantes's Don Quijote. Even less is known about Mendes Pinto's life than that of Luís de Camões. He left as a soldier on a fleet for India in 1537, and lived in Asia for about 17 years. In addition to Portuguese India, he saw many places in Southeast Asia, China, and Japan. His service for Portugal involved great personal suffering including wounds in battle, captivities, and near-starvation. In later years, he retired as a lay brother of the Jesuit Order in Goa and went to Japan in 1556.In 1558, he retired to Portugal, where he wrote his great work, the Peregrinação, which can be translated as 'Travels." The work was not published in his lifetime, but only in 1614, and it was long considered a work mainly of fiction, an apocryphal composition. It was apparently more popular in Spain, France, and England than in his homeland. Later critics and translators have concluded that much of the work is a partly true description of the Portuguese in Asia and of Asian events, coupled with a wry but honest look at the foibles of the Catholic Church of his day. -
78 couple
A n2 a couple of ( two) deux [people, objects] ; ( a few) deux ou trois ; a couple of times deux ou trois fois.B vtrC vi [person, animal] s'accoupler. -
79 payout ratio
Finan expression of the total dividends paid to shareholders as a percentage of a company’s net profit in a given period of time. This measures the likelihood of dividend payments being sustained, and is a useful indication of sustained profitability. The lower the ratio, the more secure the dividend, and the company’s future.EXAMPLEThe payout ratio is calculated by dividing annual dividends paid on ordinary shares by earnings per share:Annual dividend /earnings-per-share = payout ratioTake the company whose earnings per share is $8 and its dividend payout is 2.1. Its payout ratio would be:2.1 /8 = 0.263 or 26.3%A high payout ratio clearly appeals to conservative investors seeking income. When coupled with weak or falling earnings, however, it could suggest an imminent dividend cut, or that the company is short-changing reinvestment to maintain its payout. A payout ratio above 75% is a warning. It suggests the company is failing to reinvest sufficient profits in its business, that the company’s earnings are faltering, or that it is trying to attract investors who otherwise would not be interested. -
80 Gillette, King Camp
[br]b. 5 January 1855 Fond du Lac, Wisconsin, USAd. 9 July 1932 Los Angeles, California, USA[br]American inventor and manufacturer, inventor of the safety razor.[br]Gillette's formal education in Chicago was brought to an end when a disastrous fire destroyed all his father's possessions. Forced to fend for himself, he worked first in the hardware trade in Chicago and New York, then as a travelling salesman. Gillette inherited the family talent for invention, but found that his successful inventions barely paid for those that failed. He was advised by a previous employer, William Painter (inventor of the Crown Cork), to look around for something that could be used widely and then thrown away. In 1895 he succeeded in following that advice of inventing something which people could use and then throw away, so that they would keep coming back for more. An idea came to him while he was honing an old-fashioned razor one morning; he was struck by the fact that only a short piece of the whole length of a cutthroat razor is actually used for shaving, as well as by the potentially dangerous nature of the implement. He "rushed out to purchase some pieces of brass, some steel ribbon used for clock springs, a small hand vise and some files". He thought of using a thin steel blade sharpened on each side, placed between two plates and held firmly together by a handle. Though coming from a family of inventors, Gillette had no formal technical education and was entirely ignorant of metallurgy. For six years he sought a way of making a cheap blade from sheet steel that could be hardened, tempered and sharpened to a keen edge.Gillette eventually found financial supporters: Henry Sachs, a Boston lamp manufacturer; his brother-in-law Jacob Heilbron; and William Nickerson, who had a considerable talent for invention. By skilled trial and error rather than expert metallurgical knowledge, Nickerson devised ways of forming and sharpening the blades, and it was these that brought commercial success. In 1901, the American Safety Razor Company, later to be renamed the Gillette Safety Razor Company, was set up. When it started production in 1903 the company was badly in debt, and managed to sell only fifty-one razors and 168 blades; but by the end of the following year, 90,000 razors and 12.4 million blades had been sold. A sound invention coupled with shrewd promotion ensured further success, and eight plants manufacturing safety razors were established in various parts of the world. Gillette's business experiences led him into the realms of social theory about the way society should be organized. He formulated his views in a series of books published over the years 1894 to 1910. He believed that competition led to a waste of up to 90 per cent of human effort and that want and crime would be eliminated by substituting a giant trust to plan production centrally. Unfortunately, the public in America, or anywhere else for that matter, were not ready for this form of Utopia; no omniscient planners were available, and human wants and needs were too various to be supplied by a single agency. Even so, some of his ideas have found favour: air conditioning and government provision of work for the unemployed. Gillette made a fortune from his invention and retired from active participation in the business in 1913, although he remained President until 1931 and Director until his death.[br]Bibliography"Origin of the Gillette razor", Gillette Blade (February/March).Further ReadingObituary, 1932, New York Times (11 July).J.Jewkes, D.Sawers and R.Stillerman, 1958, The Sources of Invention, London: Macmillan.LRD / IMcN
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